Far and Away essays

By a long shot articles As Ms. Shannon Christie and Joseph Donelly move from Ireland to the United States they before long discovered that it was not all that they envision. While remaining in the U.S they encouter numerous snag just as difficulty from working for modest work to living in an unfortunate condition all gave by the ward supervisor Mr. Mike Kelly. When Shannon and Joseph initially showed up in the United States they were welcomed by a kid who guarantee would you say you are Irish? you need to go see Mr. Kelly, he is the ward supervisor around here and damnation will deal with you. After Shannon understood that she was being robbed and have no cash or a spot to remain, Joseph chose to look for the assistance of the Irish ward supervisor Mr. Kelly. As a ward chief, he will give a work, dwelling, apply for citicenship and assurance and consequently they should simply cast a ballot when casting a ballot opportunity arrives. Despite the fact that Joseph and Shannon was given a vocation in the chicken production line yet they rewarded ineffectively and most noticeably awful of all in an undesirable working environment. In couple of weeks, Joshep Donnelly before long understood that he can get more cash-flow in one fight at that point culling chicken for an entire month. So he at that point box at a club possessed by Mr. Kelly. Mr. K elly can give lifes necessities to the migrants and can likewise remove them rapidly. Joshep was getting fruitful until he lost his last match and furious Mr. Kelly, so everything was detracted from him. All in all, the capacity of a ward manager who was named is to produce votes and their governmental issues doesn't manage policy driven issues. For each settler from any race at whatever point they go to the United States, they can generally go to their ward supervisor for employments, housing and assurance. ... <!

Sustainable Operation Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Feasible Operation Management - Assignment Example As indicated by Appleby (2013) this essentially not just arrangement with gracefully chain and the presentation of crude materials yet additionally the more extensive turn of events and plan of procedures just as waste removal, this likewise manages the joining of lifecycle investigation concentrated on guaranteeing that maintainability endeavors is comprehensive in all the procedures (Appleby 2013). Economical practices inside associations must be created to guarantee the decrease of carbon impression all through the particular focused on forms in the association. Economical activities the executives is obvious in numerous so as to accomplish the ideal result. Topping off WATER IN SWIMMING POOL IN SPORT HALL Sport pools some of the time should be totally depleted and afterward topped off. Pre-adjusted water is generally should have been topped off straightforwardly into the unfilled pool. It is imperative to recognize powerful and productive procedure of topping off and keeping up t he pool to satisfy the set guidelines for sports. Along these lines preventive pool practices ought to be received in this procedure so as to spare time just as expenses. Boosting the productivity of the games pool is significant in lessening the hidden carbon impression encouraging accomplishing practical way of life (Finkbeiner 2009). The way toward topping off the games pool to accomplish supportability there must be vitality preservation, water and the synthetics at the pool. Expanded carbon impression at the pool prompts an extraordinary gouge on the earth. A diagram of practical activities the executives concerning pool water topping off is to encourage naturally marked â€Å"Green Home† pool more concern put on pool dissipation, decreased carbon impression and long haul supportability (Finkbeiner 2009). Coming up next is the procedures that are followed to accomplish practical activities the board in topping off water in pool. Cleaning the pool This is basically the in itial step after the pool has been dried out. The surface sythesis should be resolved. These fundamental techniques upgrade proficiency and spare a great deal of time. Deck and spread cleaning is a typical strategy which encourages expulsion of flotsam and jetsam and spa deck. A brisk range encourages expulsion of trash close to the pool. In directing this procedure care ought to be taken to maintain a strategic distance from rough surfaces while hauling the spread off the pool. Surface skimming is applied in expelling earth coasting on a superficial level. It is made sure to exhaust skimming flotsam and jetsam into the yard with the goal that it doesn't blowback into the pool when it evaporates. Tile brush and tile cleanser to clean the tiles and this is done underneath or more the waterline. It is striking that dissipation and topping off of the pool typically changes the waterline. Brushing is the most productive method of expelling green growth from the surfaces and guiding the soil to the primary channel with the goal that it tends to be sucked in the channel (Appleby 2013). It is imperative to clean the channel and run new water in the dissemination framework to cleanse away all the earth from the lines. The general viable and effective procedure in carryout this is to deplete, clean and to top off the pool. Topping off the pool The pool is filled direct in the daylight in situations where it is filled over the ground. The immediate daylight encourages extending of the liner as the pools fills. The nozzle is turned on

Find Focus 3 Simple Ways to Conquer Work Distractions - Focus

Find Focus 3 Simple Ways to Conquer Work Distractions - Focus According to a study from the University of California, Irvine, the average office worker has focused periods of just eleven minutes in-between a constant barrage of interruptions. I was shocked when I read that, and didnt quite believe it. But then I paid attention to how much typing I did in this article before my attention drifted to something else. I wouldnt be surprised if most of the time I focus for less than eleven minutes before being distracted. So I need to know as much as anyone how to overcome the temptation of distractions that abound in the modern workplace. How Distractions Affect Us The world is not acting in our long-term benefit. Imagine you walk down the street and every store is trying to get your money right now; in your pocket you have a phone and every app wants to control your attention right now. Most of the entities in our lives really want us to make mistakes in their favor. So the world is making things very, very difficult. â€" Behavioral economist Dan Ariely If you get distracted as easily as I do, dont feel alone. It turns out most people get distracted very easily, and very often. According to David Rock, executive director of the NeuroLeadership Institute and author of Your Brain at Work, one study found office distractions eat up over two hours on average every day. But being distracted isnt the worst part. Were also not too good at getting back to work after being distracted. Rock says after an interruption it takes most of us 25 minutes to get back on track with our work. theres no way not to be distracted by distractions, its built into the brain in the way we pay attention to novelty. â€" David Rock Another study tested how people reacted to distractions while they completed complicated computer-based tasks. The study tested short (about two seconds long) and long (about four seconds) distractions to test how the different lengths of interruption affected the participants focus. It turns out, even very short distractions can affect our focus and performance. The effects were similar across both lengths of distractions, with participants losing their place and making mistakes more often after both short and longer distractions. Distracting colleagues Part of the reason we struggle with distractions, according to Alan Hedge, a workplace design expert at Cornell University, is that humans are social creatures, which makes us innately curious about other people. As a result, its hard for us to tune other people out. Apart from humans, were also terrible at ignoring anything thats unpredictable. When you combine these two weaknesses, you can see why research has shown that overhearing just one side of a conversation is one of the worst distractions we humans can face. Because we struggle to predict the flow of a conversation when we can only hear one side of it, hearing a colleague on the phone, for instance, is particularly hard to tune out from. And, surprisingly, putting up temporary walls between cubicles to separate co-workers in open office spaces can make this problem worse. The problem is that having visible walls can make us talk louder than we otherwise would, because we feel more protected from others in the room, but we actually end up distracting our colleagues even more. Overcoming Distraction So we know that we all get distractedâ€"a lot. And we know that the worst distractions are those created by other people, and anything thats unpredictable. But what can we do to keep our focus when distractions abound and we have work to do? 1. Change your context Brian Wansink is a professor at Cornell who studies eating behavior. Now, this may sound unrelated, but Wansinks work has shown something that proves relevant in terms of distractions, as well. According to Wansink, context makes a bigger difference to our eating habits than anything else: Everyoneâ€"every single one of usâ€"eats how much we eat largely because of whats around us. When food is closer, says Wansink, we eat more. And when food is further away, we eat less: People ate half as much if we simply moved the candy dish off their desk and placed it six feet away. So how is this relevant to fighting distraction? The key is that context affects us in a big way. When something is in reach and easy to get to, well grab it, eat it, or pay attention to it. But making candy that little bit more effort to eat makes us less likely to do so. Now, not all of us want to eat less candy, but the same strategy can prove effective in other areas. For instance, if you’re trying to smoke less or drink less coffee it would make sense to keep those vices away from youâ€"and perhaps bring the candy dish a little closer. We can use this same theory for distractions. Changing the context around you can increase your focus, simply by making focusing easier. For example: Use an app like SelfControl or a browser extension like StayFocused to make it harder to visit distracting websites like Facebook or YouTube Move your desk or spend time in a spare meeting room to avoid working near co-workers you enjoy chatting with (or those who have loud phone calls at their desks) Keep your phone far away during focused work periods, so it takes more time and effort to check it The key is to set up your environment to encourage focus and make getting distracted harder and less likely. Focused task management. Sign up for MeisterTask Its free! Sign up for MeisterTask 2. Wean yourself off digital distractions If digital distractions are your downfall, psychology professor Larry Rosen suggests slowly weaning yourself off your digital vices. Rosen says its not uncommon to feel anxious when we cant check our phones, and to rely on them for regular bouts of distraction from work we dont want to do. Many people, regardless of age, check their smartphones every 15 minutes or less and become anxious if they arent allowed to do so. Heres Rosens suggested process for weaning yourself off the habit of constantly checking various devices: Check every device and digital distraction you want to: email, Facebook, Instagram, everything. Turn off all digital distractions. Use an app or extension like I mentioned above to block websites if necessary, turn off your phone or tablet, or silence them and put them far away from you. Set a timer for 15 minutes and spend that time focusing on your work. When the 15 minutes is up, give yourself one minute to check your devices and websites as much as you want. But only one minute. Repeat this process until you dont struggle to focus for the entire 15-minute period. Once 15 minutes is easy for you, increase the length of your timer. Keep increasing it, so its always a little stretch, until you can easily ignore digital distractions for an hour or more. 3. Dont take the first step For David Rock, one of the most important ways to overcome our tendency to get distracted is to stop taking those first steps. When a distraction tries to grab your attention, Rock suggests staying calm, taking a breath, and purposely choosing to not react to it. Once you take the first stepâ€"for instance, opening your inboxâ€"its a lot harder to stop yourself continuing with the distractionâ€"in this case, reading your emails. Rock says stopping ourselves from those initial actions can help us to avoid the time-wasting actions they lead to. It also helps us feel more in-control, says Alex Korb, a neuroscientist at UCLA, because were consciously choosing to not give in to the distraction. Reminding ourselves of our goals and why we want to stay focused, can release a hit of dopamine to make us feel good about choosing to stay focused. Researching how to overcome distractions didnt make me a master of it immediately, but I do feel more confident now that I have these different strategies to use. And if nothing else, I definitely learned that Im not aloneâ€"getting distracted is a concern for everyone in the modern workplace. But with these strategies to try, I’m sure we can all get back that elusive state of focus we’ve been missing. Discover focused working. Try MeisterTask Its free! Try MeisterTask Find Focus 3 Simple Ways to Conquer Work Distractions - Focus According to a study from the University of California, Irvine, the average office worker has focused periods of just eleven minutes in-between a constant barrage of interruptions. I was shocked when I read that, and didnt quite believe it. But then I paid attention to how much typing I did in this article before my attention drifted to something else. I wouldnt be surprised if most of the time I focus for less than eleven minutes before being distracted. So I need to know as much as anyone how to overcome the temptation of distractions that abound in the modern workplace. How Distractions Affect Us The world is not acting in our long-term benefit. Imagine you walk down the street and every store is trying to get your money right now; in your pocket you have a phone and every app wants to control your attention right now. Most of the entities in our lives really want us to make mistakes in their favor. So the world is making things very, very difficult. â€" Behavioral economist Dan Ariely If you get distracted as easily as I do, dont feel alone. It turns out most people get distracted very easily, and very often. According to David Rock, executive director of the NeuroLeadership Institute and author of Your Brain at Work, one study found office distractions eat up over two hours on average every day. But being distracted isnt the worst part. Were also not too good at getting back to work after being distracted. Rock says after an interruption it takes most of us 25 minutes to get back on track with our work. theres no way not to be distracted by distractions, its built into the brain in the way we pay attention to novelty. â€" David Rock Another study tested how people reacted to distractions while they completed complicated computer-based tasks. The study tested short (about two seconds long) and long (about four seconds) distractions to test how the different lengths of interruption affected the participants focus. It turns out, even very short distractions can affect our focus and performance. The effects were similar across both lengths of distractions, with participants losing their place and making mistakes more often after both short and longer distractions. Distracting colleagues Part of the reason we struggle with distractions, according to Alan Hedge, a workplace design expert at Cornell University, is that humans are social creatures, which makes us innately curious about other people. As a result, its hard for us to tune other people out. Apart from humans, were also terrible at ignoring anything thats unpredictable. When you combine these two weaknesses, you can see why research has shown that overhearing just one side of a conversation is one of the worst distractions we humans can face. Because we struggle to predict the flow of a conversation when we can only hear one side of it, hearing a colleague on the phone, for instance, is particularly hard to tune out from. And, surprisingly, putting up temporary walls between cubicles to separate co-workers in open office spaces can make this problem worse. The problem is that having visible walls can make us talk louder than we otherwise would, because we feel more protected from others in the room, but we actually end up distracting our colleagues even more. Overcoming Distraction So we know that we all get distractedâ€"a lot. And we know that the worst distractions are those created by other people, and anything thats unpredictable. But what can we do to keep our focus when distractions abound and we have work to do? 1. Change your context Brian Wansink is a professor at Cornell who studies eating behavior. Now, this may sound unrelated, but Wansinks work has shown something that proves relevant in terms of distractions, as well. According to Wansink, context makes a bigger difference to our eating habits than anything else: Everyoneâ€"every single one of usâ€"eats how much we eat largely because of whats around us. When food is closer, says Wansink, we eat more. And when food is further away, we eat less: People ate half as much if we simply moved the candy dish off their desk and placed it six feet away. So how is this relevant to fighting distraction? The key is that context affects us in a big way. When something is in reach and easy to get to, well grab it, eat it, or pay attention to it. But making candy that little bit more effort to eat makes us less likely to do so. Now, not all of us want to eat less candy, but the same strategy can prove effective in other areas. For instance, if you’re trying to smoke less or drink less coffee it would make sense to keep those vices away from youâ€"and perhaps bring the candy dish a little closer. We can use this same theory for distractions. Changing the context around you can increase your focus, simply by making focusing easier. For example: Use an app like SelfControl or a browser extension like StayFocused to make it harder to visit distracting websites like Facebook or YouTube Move your desk or spend time in a spare meeting room to avoid working near co-workers you enjoy chatting with (or those who have loud phone calls at their desks) Keep your phone far away during focused work periods, so it takes more time and effort to check it The key is to set up your environment to encourage focus and make getting distracted harder and less likely. Focused task management. Sign up for MeisterTask Its free! Sign up for MeisterTask 2. Wean yourself off digital distractions If digital distractions are your downfall, psychology professor Larry Rosen suggests slowly weaning yourself off your digital vices. Rosen says its not uncommon to feel anxious when we cant check our phones, and to rely on them for regular bouts of distraction from work we dont want to do. Many people, regardless of age, check their smartphones every 15 minutes or less and become anxious if they arent allowed to do so. Heres Rosens suggested process for weaning yourself off the habit of constantly checking various devices: Check every device and digital distraction you want to: email, Facebook, Instagram, everything. Turn off all digital distractions. Use an app or extension like I mentioned above to block websites if necessary, turn off your phone or tablet, or silence them and put them far away from you. Set a timer for 15 minutes and spend that time focusing on your work. When the 15 minutes is up, give yourself one minute to check your devices and websites as much as you want. But only one minute. Repeat this process until you dont struggle to focus for the entire 15-minute period. Once 15 minutes is easy for you, increase the length of your timer. Keep increasing it, so its always a little stretch, until you can easily ignore digital distractions for an hour or more. 3. Dont take the first step For David Rock, one of the most important ways to overcome our tendency to get distracted is to stop taking those first steps. When a distraction tries to grab your attention, Rock suggests staying calm, taking a breath, and purposely choosing to not react to it. Once you take the first stepâ€"for instance, opening your inboxâ€"its a lot harder to stop yourself continuing with the distractionâ€"in this case, reading your emails. Rock says stopping ourselves from those initial actions can help us to avoid the time-wasting actions they lead to. It also helps us feel more in-control, says Alex Korb, a neuroscientist at UCLA, because were consciously choosing to not give in to the distraction. Reminding ourselves of our goals and why we want to stay focused, can release a hit of dopamine to make us feel good about choosing to stay focused. Researching how to overcome distractions didnt make me a master of it immediately, but I do feel more confident now that I have these different strategies to use. And if nothing else, I definitely learned that Im not aloneâ€"getting distracted is a concern for everyone in the modern workplace. But with these strategies to try, I’m sure we can all get back that elusive state of focus we’ve been missing. Discover focused working. Try MeisterTask Its free! Try MeisterTask

Reality and Illusion in Shakespeares Hamlet - Appearance...

Appearance and Reality in Hamlet In today’s society, appearance is everything. What brand do you wear? What hairstyle do you have? What color is your skin? Are you fat? Are you â€Å"cool†? However, appearances are often deceiving, and sometimes first impressions are anything but accurate. The deceptive quality of appearance plays a major role in Shakespeare’s play Hamlet. Throughout the entire play, Shakespeare addresses the theme of appearance versus reality through plot and characterization. Hamlet’s plot is teeming with incidents and events that prove how things are not always as they appear to be on the surface. One specific incident is Ophelia’s ambiguous death. When the audience first hears of Ophelia’s death from the†¦show more content†¦Another example occurs when Laertes, Ophelias brother, and King Claudius devise the Triple-Pronged plan. They set up a duel between Hamlet and Laertes. Since both young men are presumably using bated swords, this confrontation appears to be a simple, ordinary fencing match, no one will get hurt. Despite its harmless appearance, this duel proves deadly, for not only does Laertes plan to use an unbated and poisoned sword, but Claudius also prepares a poisoned drink for Hamlet. There are also many spy plots set up during the play which may also be considered as deceiving events. These spy plots demonstrate the appearance versus reality theme since they are invisible to the spied upon, but weave a web of dishonesty. In Act II, Scene 1, Polonius sends Reynaldo to spy on Laertes. Polonius does not trust his own son. Later, Hamlet directs a play entitled The Mouse Trap in order to spy on the King, Claudius. He does this to know whether or not Claudius is guilty of his own brothers murder. Hamlet is by far the most observed character throughout the play. Claudius first calls upon two of Hamlets old friends, Rozencrantz and Guildenstern. He asks them to try to find the source of Hamlets madness. Polonius and the King himself later spy on Hamlet. This time, they use Ophelia to try to expose the reason of Hamlets madness. Another spy scene occurs in the Closet Scene when Polonius eavesdrops on Hamlet and the Queen. This proves fatal for the old lord chamberlain.Sho w MoreRelated Reality and Illusion in Shakespeares Hamlet - Reality, Appearance and Deception875 Words   |  4 PagesReality and Illusion in Hamlet    Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, begins with the appearance of a ghost, an apparition, possibly a hallucination. Thus, from the beginning, Shakespeare presents the air of uncertainty, of the unnatural, which drives the action of the play and develops in the protagonist as a struggle to clarify what only seems to be absolute and what is actually reality. Hamlets mind, therefore, becomes the central force of the play, choosing the direction of the conflict by hisRead More Reality, Illusion, Appearance, and Deception in Shakespeares Hamlet1279 Words   |  6 PagesReality, Illusion, Appearance, and Deception in Shakespeares Hamlet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As appearances play an important role in todays society, so they also play an important role in William Shakespeares play Hamlet. From the first scene to the last, Shakespeare elaborates on the theme of appearance versus reality through plot and character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The plays plot is full of incidents and events that are not what they appear to be. One such incident is Ophelias ambiguous death. When,Read More Reality and Illusion in Shakespeares Hamlet - Appearance versus Reality1078 Words   |  5 PagesAppearance versus Reality in Hamlet      Ã‚   Shakespeares play, Hamlet, is a tale of a young prince who must ascertain the truth regarding his fathers death. Throughout the play, the fundamental theme of appearance versus reality is constant. The majority of the main characters hide behind veils of lies and deceptions, obscuring the truth to the point that nearly nothing of their actual selves are visible. The labyrinth of deception is so twisted that only Hamlet is aware of the truth, and onlyRead More Reality and Illusion in Shakespeares Hamlet - Appearance versus Reality1608 Words   |  7 PagesAppearance versus Reality in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Appearance versus reality is one of the central themes of Shakespeares play, Hamlet. The characters in the play assume roles for the purpose of concealment - Claudius, in reality a murderer and usurper, plays the roles of grieving brother and rightful king; the adulterous Gertrude plays the role of a most seeming-virtuous queen when she is, in her sons view, a most pernicious woman. Even Hamlet himself assumes the role of a madman in his attemptRead More Reality and Illusion in Shakespeares Hamlet - The Deception of Appearance2133 Words   |  9 PagesAppearance versus Reality in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet is organized around various pairs of opposing forces. One of these forces is the difference between that what seems and that which actually is, in other words, appearance versus reality. What is, and what merely appears to be? We can discern two principal angles from which this question is approached in Hamlet. First, we have the angle of inward and outward emotions, and the profound distinction that is drawn between them. In other words,Read MoreEssay about Appearance vs. Reality in William Shakespeares Hamlet1007 Words   |  5 PagesAppearance vs. Reality in William Shakespeares Hamlet In Hamlet, one of Shakespeares greatest tragedies, there is a prevailing theme that is concurrent throughout the play. Throughout the play, all the characters appear to be one thing on the outside, yet on the inside they are completely different. The theme of appearance versus reality is prominent in Hamlet because of the fact that the characters portray themselves different from what they really are. In the playRead MoreThe Theme of Appearance vs. Reality in William Shakespeares Works729 Words   |  3 PagesThe Theme of Appearance vs. Reality in William Shakespeares Works Characters within one of William Shakespeares greatest tragic plays, Hamlet, appear to be true and honest but in reality are infested with many falsehoods and deceptions. Characters such as Polonius, Claudius, and Hamlet give an impression of a person who is sincere and genuine, but behind their masks are plagued with lies and evil. AsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Appearance Vs. Reality819 Words   |  4 Pagesany aid on this assignment. -MLM Appearance vs. Reality in Hamlet William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, reveals a consistent theme of appearance versus reality throughout the character’s actions. In many situations, honesty and sincerity appear to be present; however, in reality, dishonesty and deception are usually the character’s true intentions. Specifically, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlet, and Claudius demonstrate the disconnect between appearance versus reality. Throughout the play, these charactersRead MoreHamlet: Illusion vs. Reality1982 Words   |  8 PagesIllusion Versus Reality In Shakespeare’s famous tragedy Hamlet there is a dominant and overwhelming theme that is amplified throughout the entire play. Things are not always what they seem. Many of Shakespeare’s most complex characters hide behind multiple masks of lies and deceit. The American Heritage Student Dictionary defines illusion as â€Å"an unreal or misleading appearance or image† and reality as â€Å"the state of things as they actually exist†. The focus of this essay is the struggle betweenRead MoreComparision Of Hamlet With Rosencrantz And Guildenstern Are Dead1306 Words   |  6 PagesRosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead (R and G†¦) by Tom Stoppard is a transformation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet that has been greatly influenced due to an external contextual shift. The sixteenth century Elizabethan historical and social context, accentuating a time of questioning had specific values which are transformed and altered in Stoppard’s Existential, p ost two-world wars twentieth century historical and social context. The processes of transformation that are evident allow the shifts in ideas Reality and Illusion in Shakespeares Hamlet - Appearance... Appearance versus Reality in Hamlet Shakespeares play, Hamlet, is a tale of a young prince who must ascertain the truth regarding his fathers death. Throughout the play, the fundamental theme of appearance versus reality is constant. The majority of the main characters hide behind veils of lies and deceptions, obscuring the truth to the point that nearly nothing of their actual selves are visible. The labyrinth of deception is so twisted that only Hamlet is aware of the truth, and only because the ghost of his father revealed it to him. Hamlet, Polonius, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and the King Claudius are all part of this circle of deception. Hamlet, while more genuine than the rest, brings himself into the†¦show more content†¦Then, true to his suspicious nature, he dispatches a spy to ensure report on his sons actions. Polonius again delivers false information when he advises Ophelia to leave Hamlets love unrequited and tells her it is only lust, not love. Polonius portrays himself as a respectable man full of wisdom and grace when in truth he is untrusting, unscrupulous, and uncaring of all but himself. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlets childhood companions, are quickly seen to be frauds as well. Acting on the Kings request, they attempt to extract the truth from Hamlet by playing upon their past friendship. Hamlet perceives that they are only taking advantage of their friendship to benefit themselves, alluding that he knows they are lying about the purpose of their visit when he says (speaking of a recorder), Tis as easy as lying; govern these ventages with your finger and thumb, give it breath with your mouth... Again the theme of appearance versus reality is perpetuated, constantly complicating Hamlets discovery of the truth, and therefore, his retribution upon his fathers murderer, Claudius. If one character were to be chosen from Hamlet as the personification of a lie, it would be Claudius. A devious and scheming conspirator, Claudius successfully convinces all but Hamlet of his honor and trustworthiness with hisShow MoreRelated Reality and Illusion in Shakespeares Hamlet - Appearance versus Reality1608 Words   |  7 PagesAppearance versus Reality in Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Appearance versus reality is one of the central themes of Shakespeares play, Hamlet. The characters in the play assume roles for the purpose of concealment - Claudius, in reality a murderer and usurper, plays the roles of grieving brother and rightful king; the adulterous Gertrude plays the role of a most seeming-virtuous queen when she is, in her sons view, a most pernicious woman. Even Hamlet himself assumes the role of a madman in his attemptRead MoreEssay about Appearance vs. Reality in William Shakespeares Hamlet1007 Words   |  5 PagesAppearance vs. Reality in William Shakespeares Hamlet In Hamlet, one of Shakespeares greatest tragedies, there is a prevailing theme that is concurrent throughout the play. Throughout the play, all the characters appear to be one thing on the outside, yet on the inside they are completely different. The theme of appearance versus reality is prominent in Hamlet because of the fact that the characters portray themselves different from what they really are. In the playRead MoreThe Theme of Appearance vs. Reality in William Shakespeares Works729 Words   |  3 PagesThe Theme of Appearance vs. Reality in William Shakespeares Works Characters within one of William Shakespeares greatest tragic plays, Hamlet, appear to be true and honest but in reality are infested with many falsehoods and deceptions. Characters such as Polonius, Claudius, and Hamlet give an impression of a person who is sincere and genuine, but behind their masks are plagued with lies and evil. AsRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Appearance Vs. Reality819 Words   |  4 Pagesany aid on this assignment. -MLM Appearance vs. Reality in Hamlet William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, reveals a consistent theme of appearance versus reality throughout the character’s actions. In many situations, honesty and sincerity appear to be present; however, in reality, dishonesty and deception are usually the character’s true intentions. Specifically, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Hamlet, and Claudius demonstrate the disconnect between appearance versus reality. Throughout the play, these charactersRead MoreHamlet: Illusion vs. Reality1982 Words   |  8 PagesIllusion Versus Reality In Shakespeare’s famous tragedy Hamlet there is a dominant and overwhelming theme that is amplified throughout the entire play. Things are not always what they seem. Many of Shakespeare’s most complex characters hide behind multiple masks of lies and deceit. The American Heritage Student Dictionary defines illusion as â€Å"an unreal or misleading appearance or image† and reality as â€Å"the state of things as they actually exist†. The focus of this essay is the struggle betweenRead MoreAppearence vs. Reality in William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1671 Words   |  7 Pages amp;#65279;Appearance vs. Reality nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; In Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, there is a dominant and overwhelming theme that is concurrent throughout the play. Throughout the play, all the characters appear as one thing on the outside, yet on the inside they are completely different. The theme of appearance versus reality surrounds Hamlet due to the fact that the characters portray themselves as one person on the outside, and one different on the inside. In the play, ClaudiusRead More Reality, Illusion, Appearance, and Deception in Shakespeares Hamlet1279 Words   |  6 PagesReality, Illusion, Appearance, and Deception in Shakespeares Hamlet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As appearances play an important role in todays society, so they also play an important role in William Shakespeares play Hamlet. From the first scene to the last, Shakespeare elaborates on the theme of appearance versus reality through plot and character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The plays plot is full of incidents and events that are not what they appear to be. One such incident is Ophelias ambiguous death. When,Read MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 1221 Words   |  5 Pages Shakespeare’s Hamlet is the tale of a young prince determined to uncover the truth about his father’s recent death. Hamlet’s uncle (and also the deceased king’s brother), Claudius, marries his mother the queen, and therefore, takes the throne. In the beginning of the story, Hamlet is told by the apparition of his dead father that it was Claudius who in fact murdered him. The theme that remains consistent throughout the tragedy is appearance versus reality. The characters introduced to us throughoutRead MoreEssay about Appearance vs. Reality in Shakespeares Hamlet497 Words   |  2 PagesAppearance vs. Reality in Shakespeares Hamlet In Hamlet deceiving illusions are frequently used to protect truth from being a destructive force. Situations within acts one and two that appear to be true and honest are really contaminated with evil. Various characters within the first two acts hide behind masks of corruption. In the first two acts most characters presented seem to be good and honest making it a complex task for Hamlet to discover all the lies that have hidden objectives withinRead MoreWhos There: a Question of Identity in Hamlet Essay1582 Words   |  7 PagesThe Significance of â€Å"Who’s There?† A Question of Identity Throughout Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the theme of deception and appearance versus reality becomes increasingly apparent. The complex characters featured in the play resolve to secretive which leads to a question of everyone’s identity. Yet, one does not even need to read the play to discover it’s essential themes. The first line of the play, â€Å"Who’s there?† (Hamlet 1. 1. 1) is not merely a question spoken by a guard who cannot see, rather

The Education System Of Education Essay - 1383 Words

Education is one of the most important values in the progress of our society. It provides knowledge and enriches everything that characterizes us as human beings. Countries around the world like China and United States differs in the way of their educations system works. Although they beak some superficial similarities, the high school education of students of these countries have pronounced differences because of their economic situation, cultural values and family expectation. The economy plays an essential role in education, without economic resources it would not be possible to carry out a satisfactory education. The economic level of each country is reflected in the education system because depending on the level of development of the country will be the amount of resources allocated to education. Since China is the most populated country in the world, they could not facilitate high school education to all the citizens because of their scarce resources. China provides nine year s of mandatory education. The last three years (7th -9th grade) compose junior high school. After those years, most students have to start working because admission to higher education schools are very selective and difficult. Just 44% of students can be accepted into senior high schools (10th -12th grade) (Luo and Wendel 280). In United States, they offer 12 accessible years including high school from 9th to 12th grade for all residents in the country. Even though these 12 years areShow MoreRelatedEducation And The Education System864 Words   |  4 Pagesintegration with the world on all aspects about education so the education system in my country also has many programs to help students easier gain access to the education of the world including the US. We know that English very important for students when they want to study in US so my education system has built an environment convenient for students such as English center, website, a program teach about English for students whe n they are at school, and STEAM system for students to study. First of all, inRead MoreThe Education System Of Education914 Words   |  4 PagesMany Americans believe that even though the U.S. education system is meant to be integrated, but there are still examples of racism and the imbalance of educational opportunities among the different classes of people. In an article published by the U.S. News and World Report, it was stated that â€Å"lower wealth, lower health, lower parental education levels, more dealings with the justice system and other circumstances create a perfect storm that leaves blacks [and other minorities] without the sameRead MoreThe Education System Of Education1728 Words   |  7 Pagesdays of preschool, â€Å"We the People† have all passed through the education system. Now that I have moved to a higher institution of learning I reflect on the lessons taught by our school system. It seemed to me that the lessons were not to challenging. In middle school, the teachers showed great care for the students. By the t ime I was in high school, it seemed that the biggest goal of the teachers had shifted from giving a proper education, to rushing students through the next few years to push themRead MoreThe Education System Of Education1707 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the history of civilization, education has been an important tool in shaping an individual as well as the society that the individual is a part of. In the older civilizations, only the elite upper class had access to education. This kept these people at the top of the social ladder, and suppressed the common people who did not have access to the same education as the nobles. We have come a long way since then, with every child having access to a free high school degree. However, thereRead MoreThe Education System Of Education Essay1139 Words   |  5 PagesI’m going to talk about today’s education system. Since the education being taught in the schools is for the generations to come. People need education to have a stable life in this country, to get a good job, and to support themselves financially. Therefore, are need to improve education overall. First, the students being taught in the classes are based on technology. We already know how technology is carrying how students perform in education. But in education today kids and students are surroundedRead MoreThe Education System Of Education1733 Words   |  7 Pagesdistance covered to go to school, sometimes discourage the students. The female children also would be denied education, because they would be sent off to marry or stay at home and work on farms or house chore. Most fathers considered it a waste to train a female as she will soon be a married off and the fathers name lost. Unlike in the urban areas where schools are properly supervised by education boards, to ensure quality and standard is maintained. Some schools only have not more than 20 students inRead MoreCreating An Education System For Education Systems2167 Words   |  9 PagesCreating an education system that is capable of preparing students for the future, education systems need to be configured into a new, more knowledge centered way of learning. Deconstructing established structures and routines in education systems involves several planning and practices coming together in learning and teaching to better reflect the demands of the 21st century world. Personalised learning advocates that educational systems must change from the traditional or industrial age of thinkingRead MoreThe American Education System Education1438 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Education System Education plays important role in society. It determines the final development of an adult’s personality. In today’s society most jobs require a University degree. To receive a University degree students need to rely on a good education system. Does America provide this? The American education system has relied on the grade point average system for a long time. The problem with this is there is not a universal GPA grade point system varying from course to course. This createsRead MoreThe Education System And Public Education945 Words   |  4 Pagespeople must take upon themselves the education of the whole people and be willing to bear the expenses of it. There should not be a district of one mile square, without a school in it, not founded by a charitable individual, but maintained at the public expense of the people themselves’† (Strauss). Our founding fathers wanted our nation to be an educated nation. There were many who believed that only a chosen sh ould be educated, but there were those who saw education to be more pervasive. During theRead MoreThe Education System And The Lack Of Education982 Words   |  4 PagesWhile reading the research paper, one thing which is clear about the author is that he is someone who understands the need of education for every individual. He understands the importance of education and how it can change someone’s life completely. Throughout the paper, author tries to force the reader to understand the education system and the lacking in it. The author has used many references and is telling people to work hard as it is the key to success, in order to make our country flourish

Importance of the Curriculum to the Society by Phunziro Mphwina Free Essays

PURPOSE OF THE CURRICULUM TO THE SOCIETY Introduction In 1995 Hornby described education as a process of training and instruction of children and young people in educational institutions which is designed to give knowledge and develop skills useful to the society. This process is centred by a number of planned activities which hold the potentials of imparting the skills significant to the society just as the definition points out. An outline or structure of these activities is what makes up an educational curriculum. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of the Curriculum to the Society by Phunziro Mphwina or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pillai (1984; p5) defines the curriculum as a comprehensive plan for an educational training programme or course to offer new or improved manpower to fulfil the rising needs of a dynamic society . Below is a discussion of some of the purposes of the curriculum to the society. * The curriculum serves the function of a tool for societal development. The curriculum include important and knowledge to be imparted on the learners, this is to say that there is a supplement of ideas on the students despite their innate intelligence. These new ideas help in discoveries that may assist in the society’s growth for example, new ways of increasing agricultural productivity. A student at school may encounter an idea that may help in the increase of agricultural outputs and if he implements this new idea, the society to which he belongs, would develop economically. A point which Jacobs (1997, p23) agrees with by saying that â€Å"education is the realization of each person’s unique potentialities thus, education focuses on the social conditions that block the fullest realisation of individual potentialities as it emphasizes on the changes in the present system required to bring about a more humanistic society†. This is just to say that education allows learners to make important contributions to the societies to which they belong, on the other hand enhancing the development of their particular societies. The curriculum also works as a source of societal cohesion. Webster (2011, p365) described a society as an enduring and cooperating social group whose members have developed organized patterns of relationships through interaction with one another. This togetherness is partially achieved through the curriculum in that the curriculum holds distinctive aims and objectives and these are shared amongst all kinds of members of education al institutions across the nation. This is to say that there are similar goals set across the communities of the nation despite the societal differences. To achieve these goals and objectives the society members must share ideas and cooperate and this fosters cohesion as members of different communities are inclined to come together and formulate ways by which they can attain their shared goals. The curriculum serving the purpose of cohesion fostering element amongst members of the society. * The curriculum holds the purpose of effective societal problem solving. Basing on one of the ideologies on which education is found, it can be easily said that education can be used for effective societal problem solving, whereby the curriculum happens to be an integral part of the education system. Adopting such an ideology thus education for problem solving, it means that the curriculum in this case must pertain to such an ideology. Whereby it has to include activities and experiences that will allow students attain effective methods of problem solving. In this case the curriculum being used as a tool for effective problem solving. If student undergo experiences of such a curriculum it means they will positively contribute to their particular societies in terms of problem solving. Hence the curriculum depicting the purpose of effective problem solving in the society. Brosnan (1999, p64) agrees by saying that â€Å"the individual is a unique personality who finds his greatest satisfaction in self-expression in response to the changing world†. Thus humans find it less of a burden when they speak out their suggestions and solutions to particular problems affecting the society and this is exactly what the curriculum offers through the educational system. The curriculum works as tool for awareness in the society. In the experiences included in the educational curriculum, there are relevant topics that each and every person is to be aware of, for example in Social studies are concerning human rights, child and women’s welfare. These are some of the important things that are rendered to the students unde r the guidance of the curriculum, when these learners accommodate such ideas and dissipate them on those that happen to be of a shared society as these learners, the curriculum may work as an agent of awareness. This would be so as the learners would function as messengers in their societies as they will let the others know their rights and entitlements. Hence the curriculum serving the purpose of an awareness agent in the society. * The curriculum serves the purpose of societal problem identification. This idea comes about during the development of the curriculum, where a number of steps are covered on of which is that of identifying the background of a nation before coming up with the curriculum. As the professionals struggle to come up with basis of a country they also realise the problem that a nation goes through both in the social economic and cultural context. These problems are implicitly addressed in the activities that are included in the curriculum, thus for example commerce studies which equips students with commercial skills, may help eradicate financial problems that members of the society encounter. Hence the curriculum serving the function of problem identification and solution implementation in the society. * The curriculum as an element for cultural preservation and continuity in the society. Knowing that different societies hold different beliefs and values, the curriculum put into account these differences. This is done when the professionals are formulating the curriculum they tend to include some of the major beliefs and values that the children must be equipped with in older to achieve cultural preservation and continuity. Inclusion of experiences that hold cultural values does not only ensure cultural continuity but also enable the students to recognise their national and cultural identities, how they are developed, and how they can be maintained in their respective societies (O’Neill, 1990; p78). Thus the curriculum being in the position of enhancing cultural preservation and continuity in the society. * Ethical function of the curriculum The curriculum being at the centre of the education system, it holds all sorts of functions along with it, one of which includes social control. In this case the curriculum helps in maintenance of law and older in the society, whereby the curriculum gives learners the access to instruction for proper behaviour and personal conduct, for example, at schools children are taught not to steak from others rather to ask for whatever they want in a polite manner. This is the expected mode of conduct which helps reduce cases of increased rates of thieves as these youngsters are nurtured to behave in the required way in their early stages of life. In this case inclusion of such elements in the curriculum enables members of the society to be morally sound. Hence the curriculum serving the function of ensuring ethical conduct. * The curriculum helping in shaping the society The International Educational Agency (I. E. R) report (2006, p3), pin pointed that the curriculum as the core of the education system helps equip students with better skills of reflection which is a vital element for students to grow as learners and as useful citizens of the society. Coupled with the skills of gathering and organising information students have constant opportunities to practice responsible self-direction in the society. In addition, much of the curriculum is concerned with allowing students to learn about how people live in other places, times and how they are expected to influence the society. These understandings help students to develop high levels of self-awareness. This all can be achieved through the curriculum hence the curriculum helping in shaping the society by producing students that will be able to effectively self-guide themselves in the society. Conclusion Despite the strengths that govern the curriculum, there are a lot of shortfalls that can be corrected, for example inclusion of the rights of those in minority, thus the disabled, elderly just to mention a few. These also happen to be part and parcel of the society, whereby the topics of awareness included in the curriculum seem to dwell much on the abled. Consideration of teacher’s expertise when it comes to their familiarity with the materials and methods prescribed to be used in the teaching and learning process, this is to say that the curriculum indicates that it assumes that teachers are conversant with the materials they are expected to use in the teaching and learning process. Even though the curriculum assigns teachers to particular topic to teach, it does not opt for a follow up on whether there is observation of the prescribed topics and see if the required values are really being imparted on to the learners for the society’s benefit. REFERENCES Brosnan, M. J. (1999). Modelling Technophobia: a case for word processing Computers in Human Behaviour, New York; Guilford Hornby, A. S. (1995). Oxford dictionary: advanced learners edition 5, London; Oxford press International Education Agency, (2006). Report: Society and environment curriculum, revised edition: I. E. A Jacobs, D. (1996). LISREL8 user’s reference guide, Illinois, USA: Scientific Software International. O’Neill, W. F. (1990). Educational Ideologies Contemporary Expressions of Educational Philosophy, Iowa: Kendall / Hunt Publishing Company Pillai B. M. (1984). Smart schools: Better thinking and learning for every child, New York, USA: The Free Press. Webster, M. (2011). Higher Education in the 21st Century: Futures, New Jersey: USA Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF MALAWI FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF FOUNDATION STUDIES COURSE TITLE: CURRICULUM THEORY AND PRACTICE COOURSE CODE: EDU 3102 TO: Mrs O Nampanda FROM: Phunziro B. M Mphwina ASSIGNMENT: THE PURPOSE OF THE CURRICULUM TO THE SOCIETY DUE DATE 22/03/13 How to cite Importance of the Curriculum to the Society by Phunziro Mphwina, Papers

Study of Fairness Cream in Indian Market Essay Sample free essay sample

â€Å"If I’d have asked my clients what they wanted. they would hold told me â€Å"A faster horse†- Henry FordThe above statement of Henry Ford captures the kernel of consumer behavior which is non ever based on rational thought. Decisions taken by consumers are based on mental and societal procedures which precede their actions. Hence analysis of consumer determination doing procedure must take into history the factors of external influence such as societal perceptual experience. cultural influence among others. Phases which are involved in buyer’s determination devising procedure are: Frame work followed for garnering consumer responses Type of trade name used1. Fair A ; Lovely2. Lotus3. Ponds Desired properties of the merchandise1. Instantaneous consequence. Non stickiness. Suitable for all age groups2. SPF protection. monetary value3. Aroma. Instantaneous consequence. Popular trade names Benefits of utilizing the merchandise1. Skin buoy uping2. Less sweating and tanning3. Soft and lissome tegument Factors act uponing purchase determination1. Discounts A ; Schemes. Mention from friends2. Celebrity indorsements3. Catchy ads and indorsement by famous person one identifies with Occasionss or seasons of maximal merchandise public-service corporation1. Seasonal variants- Winter – Moisturiser. Summer – Sun block lotion2. When going outside3. Daily attention. map. parties Frequency of merchandise usage1. Twice a twenty-four hours. after bath and before traveling to bed2. Once a twenty-four hours3. Twice a twenty-four hours. forenoon and dark Consumption form of merchandise1. 1 tubing of 200ml for 3 months2. 1 tubing of 175ml for 3 months3. 1 bottle for 6 months or till termination Decision for exchanging or non1. Switched to Nivea but non happy with the consequence. so switched back2. If similar merchandise is less priced3. Explore to seek better merchandises Topographic point of purchase1. Not fixed but largely large bazar2. General shops3. Health A ; glow since it has many options and all latest merchandises Class of merchandise preferred1. General. non herbal2. Ayurvedic merchandise3. Anything but herbal as I don’t trust herb tea companies Gun trigger for utilizing this merchandise1. To bring around aging and unsmooth tegument2. To bring around bronzed tegument3. To pull off dry tegument Drawbacks of the current merchandise 1. Aroma non strong2. Not easy available3. Does non supply complete attention Analysis of Consumer Responses CollectedProblem acknowledgment: Perceiving a demand Need to Undertake skin attention related jobs such as equity. tanning. aging tegument. raggedness and waterlessness Customer Perceived benefits of increased assurance. entreaty to opposite gender Information Search: Seeking Value Instantaneous consequence. non-stickiness. possibility of usage between different age groups ( Mother A ; Daughter ) . value for money. aroma are values clients seek in their merchandise Evaluation of Options: Assessing value Available merchandises are evaluated based on nature of merchandise. whether herb tea. ayurvedic or chemical Handiness of cheaper options. attitude to research different merchandises to seek better value Purchase Decision: Buying value Decision of clients is based on seasonal price reductions on merchandises. catchy ads. ability to place with famous person backing the trade name. mention from friends. equals. household etc Accessibility and handiness of merchandises based on user ingestion form Post purchase Behaviour: Value in Consumption or utilize Evaluation of satisfaction degree with current merchandise Measuring drawbacks such as aroma. demand for multipurpose etc Deductions for Marketing DecisionsFrom above analysis we can deduce that below factors play a major function in determination devising for consumers: Personal Psychological Social Personal Factors: Buyer determinations are dependent on gender. demographics. Age etc Income degree and household background of purchaser Deductions:1. Pricing of the merchandise must be in line with the income degree of mark consumers2. Promotions must stress on the gender. demographic related benefits Psychological Factors: Product value proposition of single varies such as one might look for trade name association and other might see accomplished benefit such as just tegument Deductions:1. Cleavage of clients based on their value proposition they realise such as pride of being associated with a trade name. effectivity of trade name etc 2. Promotions to underscore their demand for association with famous person trade name indorsements. catchy ads Social Factors: Decisions influenced by popular sentiments. mention groups. category and civilization Deductions:1. Merchandise publicities should focus on around associations for societal groups such as different merchandises for different age groups. cater to aspirations of different category of people for illustration carnival and lovey for in-between category etc

The elephant Man Essay Example

The elephant Man Paper Scenes 17 and 18 are a twisted parody of scenes 2 and 3 at the beginning of the play, and are a turning point, where we see Treves and therefore his general society change roles with Merrick and the rest of the freaks. It is at this point in the play that we clearly see the problems with the Victorian society, and we are shown for certain that Treves is unsure of who he really is and what his intentions are. Scene 17 In scene 17, Merrick has taken the place that Treves was in during scene 2, and Gomm has taken Ross place. The fact that the roles have been reversed is brought to the fore when Merrick calmly says, I am Merrick. Here is my card. I am with the mutations across the road. The simplicity of the statement, and the way that Merrick says it completely deadpan, is almost funny, and drives the point home. It is a reversal of a mixture of statements Treves makes in scene 2, where Merrick tells Ross that he is at the London across the road, and gives Ross his card. From the very beginning of the scene, we are shown Treves uncertainty of himself when Merrick says If he is merely papier michi and paint, a swindler and a fake. This is a direct copy of what Treves says about Merrick in scene 2, but it is taken in a different context here, especially when you read Merricks later statement, therefore exemplary for study as a cruel or deviant one would not be. This shows that Merrick is looking for a kind man, and when he asks if he is a fake he is making sure that Treves is really as good as he appears to be. Gomms statement about Treves, No, no, he is a genuine Dorset dreamer in a moral swamp, shows how Treves is stuck in between conflicting views and ideas. We will write a custom essay sample on The elephant Man specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The elephant Man specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The elephant Man specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The phrase moral swamp is very descriptive of the situation that Treves is in, as he is quite literally bogged down by a confusing mess of different opinions. This has left Treves unsure of what is the best thing to do for himself or Merrick, and whether anything that he considers normal or proper is actually right or not. And when Merrick says that he had not dreamed of changing Treves, there are two apparent meanings to the statement. The first is carrying on with the reversed roles theme, referring to the way that Treves has attempted to change Merrick into a proper Victorian. The other possible meaning is referring to the way that Merrick himself has actually changed Treves. He has done this by causing him to step back and take a look at himself and his society, and consider the fact that they might not actually be doing the right things and that they could in fact be the deformed people. Scene 18 In scene 18, we have Merrick taking the place of Treves at the lectern from scene 3, and we have the Pins, who are some of the deformed people who were in the same freak show as Merrick, taking the place of the scientists and doctors from the crowd in scene 3. However, one thing I have noticed about the speech is that it has taken on some of Merricks ideas and theories, such as the phrases carvings up for others own good, and without the weight of others dreams accumulating to break his neck, as well as directly parodying Treves speech earlier in the play. Merrick begins his speech in the same way that Treves did, commenting on the shape of Treves head. He says The most striking feature about him, note, is the terrifying normal head. This allows him to dream in the exclusive personal manner, without the weight of others dreams accumulating to break his neck. This is an oxymoron (two conflicting words), and refers to Merricks theory as to why his head is heavy and deformed, and to the fact that Merrick is unable to sleep properly, and is a parody of Treves statement: The most striking feature about him was his enormous head. Its circumference was about that of a mans waist. He continues by saying, From the brow projected a normal vision of benevolent enlightenment, what we believe to be a kind of self-mesmerised state. The mouth, deformed by satisfaction at being at the hub of the best of existent worlds, was rendered therefore utterly incapable of self-critical speech, thus of the ability to change. Once again this is a parody of Merricks deformities, as seen in these quotes: From the brow there projected a huge bony mass like a loaf From the upper jaw there projected another mass of bone. It protruded from the mouth like a pink stump, turning the upper lip inside out, and making the mouth a wide slobbering aperture The deformities rendered the face incapable of the expression of any emotion whatsoever. However, it goes deeper into showing Treves true personality. The normal vision of benevolent enlightenment refers to the way in which Treves and his peers are so confident in what they are doing and that their reasons are correct. This continues with the statement about him being incapable of self critical speech, which was a general virtue of the Victorian people in the play; in that they are all so confident of what they are doing is right, that they do not for a second stop and think about whether it really is. There is, however, one important exception to this rule: Mrs Kendal, who is the first person to properly try to understand Merrick without trying to change him. Next, Merrick says The heart showed signs of worry at this unchanging yet untenable state. This is showing the way in which Treves has recently begun to doubt himself and his motives, and yet is continuing to do things in his usual manner because of the confidence that his peers have in him, and because he believes it is the sort of thing that anyone else in his position would be doing. He continues by saying The back was horribly stiff from being kept against a wall to face the discontent of a world ordered of his convenience. The surgeons hands were well developed and strong, capable of the most delicate carvings up, for others own good. Due also to the normal head, the right arm was of enormous power; but, so incapable of the distinction between the assertion of power and the charitable act of giving, that it was often to be found disgustingly beating others for their own good. This is a parody of Merricks crooked back and useless right arm, and also highlights the way that Treves is coming to believe that what he does for Merrick is not actually good, and that he may be beating him for his own good by exhibiting him to the upper classes and teaching him the ways of Victorian society. For the next part of his analysis, Merrick says The left arm was slighter and fairer, and may be seen in typical position, hand covering the genitals which were treated as a sullen colony in constant need of restriction, governance, punishment. For their own good. This refers to the way that the Victorians were very uptight sexually and emotionally, and kept a strict control over the way they acted. For instance, things as innocent as piano legs were kept covered up because they were deemed suggestive. It also mirrors the comment that Treves made about Merricks left hand being fine and delicate: The other arm was remarkable by contrast. It was not only normal, but was moreover a delicately shaped limb with a fine skin and provided with a beautiful hand which any woman might have envied. He finishes the speech by saying To add a further burden to his trouble the wretched man as a boy developed a disabling spiritual duality, therefore was unable to feel what others feel, nor reach harmony with them. Please. He would thus be denied all means of escape from those he had tormented. This is a parody of the comments that Treves makes about Merricks hip disease: To add a further burden to his trouble, the wretched man when a boy developed a hip disease which left him permanently lame, so that he could only walk with a stick. Please. He was thus denied all means of escape from his tormentors. It also seems to be referring to the way that Treves has been thinking that what he has been doing for Merrick is good, and is only just realising that he may actually be wrong. It also explains the way that Treves has now begun to become depressed at what he thinks he is doing to Merrick, and the way that everyone around him is acting (see Scene 19: They Cannot Make Out What He Is Saying). After the speech has finished, there is a conversation between the Pins and Merrick that parodies the conversation between Treves and a voice from the audience, but with extra lines added in that give a more sinister feeling to it. The first thing that the Pin says directly parodies the Voice from Scene 3. However, Merrick then says: We hope in twenty years we will understand enough to put an end to this affliction, to which the Pin replies Twenty years! Sir, that is unacceptable. Merrick responds by saying Had we caught it early, it might have been different. But his condition has already spread both East and West. The truth is, we are dealing with an epidemic. This is talking about the way that Victorian culture had spread across the globe through the British Empire, quite like an epidemic, and that it may eventually be repairable, but it would take time. This is almost like a premonition of things to come. I think that both of these scenes are very important to the play, and give us an insight into the mind of Bernard Pomerances character Treves. They illustrate a turning point in the play where Treves begins to come to the conclusion that he and his society are the people who need changing, not Merrick. This is particularly well demonstrated by Merricks statement in scene 18 We hope in 20 years we will understand enough to put an end to this affliction, and The truth is, we are dealing with an epidemic.

Marriage Family and Counseling Essay Example

Marriage Family and Counseling Essay Example Marriage Family and Counseling Essay Marriage Family and Counseling Essay The structural family therapist goes about helping the entire family instead of singling out the specific person with the issues. When families have good relationships with each other it is mainly when each family member has their specified role and fulfills that role to its entirety. This type of psychotherapy was created by a researcher name Salvador Minuchin, from New York. The primary strategy of this therapy is to develop a bond between the family members that are aving problems within their family. The therapists goal in this theory is to develop a bond with every member of the family so he or she can figure what the problem is and how to solve it. The structural family theory also brings in a biblical perspective to psychology. This therapy will help shed a new light on now to be and what roles he wanted each of them to have. Introduction planned tamilies Every person in the world has a family. Some people may be closer to theirs than others but that does not negate the fact that they have a family. With that being said, each family has a different way of functioning. The majority of families raise children and they grow up to be fair adult citizens. Although the majority of families raise their children with no problems, there are still those that have their share of misconceptions. The structural theory specializes in individuality. It examines each person of the family with their own characteristics and aspirations, while being apart of their entire family. The basic concept to structural therapy looks at rules of a family, roles of each individual, wholeness and organization. ( Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2013). A therapist analyzing this data thinks that a person can either unction or not function. Functional families make changes and shifts as the members of the unit develop and go through different developmental stages (Becerra. , Michale. , 2012). A dysfunctional family is not open to change and seeks to keep the members of the unit stuck in the way things always have been and does not foster growth within the individuals members of the family. Becerra. , Michale. , 2012). Assumptions The relationship individuals have with their families is a source of mental stability for each individual. (Becerra. , Michale. , 2012). This theory thinks that when families alk to each other through speaking and non-verbal communication it is passed down through the generations of their family. Aside from those dysfunctions, structural therapists loo ks at the way families form family triangles, coalition, and family belief systems ( Goldenberg Goldenberg, 2013). Structural theory believes that every member of the family have a different role to play as it related to the workings of their family. Healthy families are not families that have no conflict, rather healthy families are able to see the conflict and handle it in an appropriate manner (Harway. , Kadin. , Gottlieb. , Nutt. Celano,. 2012). Everyones family has their own element of growth and sometimes this causes problems within the family. While going through these growing pains it causes the family members to not be able to adapt to things without their dysfunctional family. Development of The Theory Research was conducted and clinical data was collected on different family systems to understand the patterns ot psychosomatic tamilies. Research was conducted at the Philadelphia Child Guidance Center, where Salvador Minuchin was the director of the center (Goldenberg, Goldenberg, 2013). A vast majority of these families came rom normal homes with each of them having problems within their family. A psychosomatic family is when the child or children in the family develop severe psychosomatic problems as a result of their families dysfunction (Becerra. , Michale. 2012). While working with families that showed signs of a psychosomatic child, the goal was to change the structure of the relationship and develop boundaries, and to deal with underline conflict within the family system (Goldenberg, Goldenberg, 2013). Salvador Minuchin and his regime of researchers worked diligently while studying this theory and this is now one of the most influential heories of conducting solutions to family conflicts. Counseling Technique The main priority of the therapist is to find the solution to the families and help them discover what the roles should be in each family. Structural family therapists address current problems within the family instead of past events (Harway. , Kadin. , Gottlieb. , Nutt. , Celano. , 2012). One of the main Jobs of the therapist is to find new ways to hinder the present problems the family has and make sure that the problems do not reoccur. The families that do have a hard time solving their troubles need to have a ajor change in their roles as a family. There are many techniques that counselors employ while working to bring health to the family system. The main techniques are joining, boundary making, enactment, restructuring, and reframing (Hammond. Nichols. 2008). Boundary in this therapy basically states that there needs to be separation in the family but at the same time it needs to be known that each member of the family knows they have special meaning and are cared for by everyone else in the family. Counselors look to change the hierarchical relationship between the husband/father nd the rest of the family (Gold enberg, Goldenberg, 2013). When referring to enactment, this is stating that a counselor cannot take one persons side of the family favorably over the others. Counselors that take the side of one member over the other members will interfere with the creation of healthy family functioning (Goldenberg, Goldenberg, 2013). When the therapist sees that there are problems happening within the family he will exemplify positive patterns which can help the family outside of the counseling aspect. This is one factor that will help the families problems not be pissed on from generation to generation. When the therapist reframes with the family it means that they are coming up with new ways of viewing the problem. The old ways did not work or the therapist Just wants to give them a new perspective of the problem, hoping that the new way would be successful. Christian View A Christian view reters to having a biblical toundation in your lite and now they teel the presence of the Bible through their every day life and culture. Christians believe that every word in the bible is inspired by God. 2 Timothy 3:16-17 states that everything in the Bible is inspired by God, and profitable for doctrine, reproof, orrection, and instructions (Crabb. , 1977). A Christian views marriage and family as one of the greatest things ever created by God. All Christians know that we were all created in Gods image as a reflection of Gods glory. Everyones family is set up in a different and unique way. God created the family concept for the husband and father to be the leader of his wife and his children. God created Eve for Adam with the assumption that they would meet each others needs and have children together. Ephesians 5:25 says that Adams main objective should be to love his wife the was Christ loves the church. This is how all men should treat their wives and if not, it can lead to serious dysfunctional relationships and families. The wives number one priority should be to submit to her husband and to care for the children. The children should respect and mind their parents as long as the parents are still in a steady walk with Jesus Christ (Ephesians 6:1). Many families stray away from these simple concepts and it also leads to having a broken family. If families remain true to their Christian view of life and their culture within their family they can live happily and not be hindered by outside influences, lso known as the Devil. My personal family theory is the same as structural family therapy. When the therapist focuses on each individual of the family it creates a better way to deal with the problems that Christian and non-Christian families have. Structural family model looks at creating balance within the concepts of family dynamic. Structural therapist looks at defining family rules, roles, coalition, subsystems, boundaries, and wholeness (Goldenberg, Goldenberg, 2013). Dr. Crabb stated He looked at the life of Paul and stated that as believes we should do everything to please God and not man (Crabb, 977). When Christians are involved in counseling they should make sure that all of the counseling sessions not only help their family but also reflects God in every single aspect. Compare/Contrast Structural Family Therapy has a lot of similarities as family directed therapy. Family- directed therapy is a younger model of structural therapy, but with different aspects to the theory that structural family therapy doesnt look at (McLendon. , McLendon. , Petr. , 2005). Both of these types of therapies determine that the parents should care for the children, not the other way around. They also both show the families the positives in their system, the negatives, and what needs to be changed throughout their maturing process as a family. Family-directed therapy is more time limited and while working on goals that were set by members of the family (McLendon. , McLendon. , Petr. , 2005). In the structural therapy the family members do not set the goals for the members. The therapist sets them because he knows exactly where the weaknesses and the strong points of the family are. Conclusion Structural Therapy is a counseling model created by Salvador Minuchin and his crew f researchers. Much of the early research for the theory was done at an inner city to understand the how families functioned when high levels of poverty and single- mother lead homes where older child were more like a second parents in the family (Harway. , Kadin. , Gottlieb. , Nutt. , Celano. , 2012). The purpose for this theory is to aid families with providing them counseling and making their family functional in all ways. These counselors find ways to establish roles within the family system and to establish boundaries between the family members. The goal of the therapist with a Christian view is to strengthen the marriage, parent/child relationship and to help each family understand their role in their family. Christian counselors rely on God to help guide them into bringing change within the family unit. Bibliography Becerra, M. , Michale, M. (2012). Applying structural family therapy with a American family with children with disabilities. A case study of a single-parent mother. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 42(2), 17-24. Crabb, L (1977). Effective Biblical counseling: A model for helping caring Christians become capable counselors. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. Goldenberg, H. Goldenberg, l. (2013). Family therapy: An overview (8th ed. ). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole. Hammond, R. , Nichols, M. (2008). How collaborative is structural family therapy? The Family journal, 16(2), 118-124. dto: Harway, M. , Kadin, S. , Gottlieb, M. , Nutt, R. , Celano, M. (2012). Family psychology and systemic approaches: Working effectively in a variety of contexts. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43(4), 315-327. dio: McLendon, D. , McLendon, T. , Petr, C. (2005). Family-directed structural therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 31(4), 327-339. dio:

Organizational Change and Effective Leadership Essay

Organizational Change and Effective Leadership - Essay Example This essay identifies specific leadership characteristics and skills which contribute in effectively facilitating organizational change in the business arena. It will specifically focus on the start-up phase or the introduction of changes. Examples will also be utilized to illustrate significant points further. Changes happen to all organizations. However, many organisational changes fail to accomplish what they are meant to: they cost so much that their value is compromised; they take so long that opportunities are missed; or degenerate into chaos, leaving everyone discouraged and confused. What organisational change ultimately requires is that leaders develop not just new skills and knowledge but a whole new way of looking at things. Indeed, in today's organisations, without experiencing and successfully managing a difficult transition, no leader can be effective for very long. That suggests reinventing most models of leadership development. The best leadership development programs implicitly address the challenge of understanding change they are experiential, tailored, to the needs of the leader, and based on delivering real-world results. The business arena is currently undergoing a modification in terms leadership styles. Most notable is the high acceptance of transformational as opposed to transactional leadership.

Tax accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tax accounting - Essay Example The Social Security tax is relative until the taxpayer reaches the maximum level of income. However, when the taxpayers income arrives at the maximum limit, all income earned over the limit is not taxed. That is why social security tax is considered as a regressive tax because lower-income individual has to pay higher taxes than the person earning in excess of the maximum income level. A marginal tax rate is the tax that applies to the taxpayer’s last dollar of taxable income. As the income increases, taxes paid by the taxpayer also increases and each additional dollar of income is taxed at the highest rate applicable to the total income. A taxpayer’s average tax rate is the ratio of the amount of taxes paid to taxable income. It is calculated by dividing the total income taxes paid by your total income. The average tax rate includes taxes paid at all levels of income so it will be less than the marginal rate. The difference between marginal and average tax rates is that the marginal tax rate is the highest rate at which persons are taxed, but average tax rate represents the percentage of the income that goes toward paying taxes. As gross income increases, the increasing marginal tax decreases after-tax net income and resulting, the effective average tax rate increases with the rising income. Sometimes no one offers more than half of the support of an individual. Instead more than one person, who is able to take the exception but for the support test who together provide for more than half of the individual’s support. This being the case any single person who currently provides for more than 10% of the individual’s support but only that person singularly, can claim an exemption for that individual. In order to process this exemption, the individual in question must agree and therefore sign an agreement of exemption for that year. Signed statements and

US Criminal Justice: Ethics and Professional Behaviour

US Criminal Justice: Ethics and Professional Behaviour Ethics and professional behaviour are an important part of criminal justice administration. Ethics involves making moral judgements about what is good or bad, right or wrong. Ethics help us to make right choices when we are in a dilemma which involves moral issues. The Criminal justice administration faces ethical issues very often and it is important to deal with them in a professional manner. The administration suffers with issues in certain situations that are hard to handle and it is the duty or rather we can say the criminal justice administration are obliged to make moral judgements of what is right or wrong and this is done with the help of proper critical thinking. Good ethics contribute to professional behaviour. Law enforcement plays a major role in professional behaviour and ethics. The unethical acts by criminal justice are serious and there are possibilities for conflicts in the areas of criminal justice leading to unethical decisions. It is necessary that ethics and pro fessional behaviour are practiced every time. If the administration is unethical and there is no professional behaviour then it is obvious for the society to lose faith in the criminal justice system. Ethics and professional behaviour are directly related to each other. Lack of ethics lead to lack of professional behaviour which means a weak criminal justice administration. Ethics are moral values or moral judgements which we make in order to decide what is right or wrong, good or bad. For making this type of decision, one needs to have a sound mind and the moral principles do not apply themselves, a thinking mind is required to asses facts and interpret situations. Moral agents make moral judgements and it is our duty to use the ethical principles in a right way. Moral principles mean something only when manifested in behaviour. For this, force should be embodied in action and this action requires an insight. Ethical persons are motivated to do what is morally right but they can only do so if they know what it is. It is important that the ethically motivated persons should learn the art of self-critique, moral examination to become attuned to the pervasive pitfalls of moral judgement: moral intolerance, self-deception, and uncritical uniformity. (http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/ethics-without-indoctrination/494). Morality and character can be cul tivated without being indoctrinated by putting in the critical thinking into the heart of ethical curriculum, critical thinking for everyone. Hence, it can be said that without critical thinking ethics and professional behaviour cant be maintained. Thus, critical thinking plays a major role. Our greatest training is ethics and leadership is required in order to boost its growth. It is seen that most departments dont conduct ethics training and the consequences of these unethical behaviour is devastating. One of the more detrimental consequences of unethical behaviour is subjecting of an agency to civil litigation. Litigations have various forms: racial and sexual discrimination, sexual harassment suits etc. Lack of ethical behaviour leads to loss of jobs of the officers and many a times the unemployment compensation is not even offered. It is also noticed that many a times the officers commit suicide as they fail to deal with the unethical acts. Hence, one should try and prevent any kind of unethical act as it will help us to save the lives of our officers. The most extensive ethics training survey conducted by law enforcement was undertaken in 1997. This in return, has produced several recommendations for changes in how one should address the ethics today. Hence, ethics training should highly be encouraged and seminars should be conducted so that our officers deal with unethical behaviour without fearing anything and should join hands to eliminate it. The fundamental duties of Law Enforcement Officers include: serving the mankind, safeguarding lives of the people and property, protecting the weak against oppression, maintaining law and order, and to respect the Constitutional rights of everyone. They are honest in thought and deed and obey the laws of the land and regulations of their department. He should make sure that his personal feelings and friendships dont influence his decisions. He should see that he doesnt makes any kind of compromises for crime and that he will enforce the laws accordingly and appropriately without any favour or malice. The officer should realise that his badge is a symbol of public faith and it is his duty to be true to the ethics of the police service. All these areas should be stressed in the seminar on law enforcement. Ethical training overrules all other training needs. Ethical training emphasizes the importance of thinking before acting. It adds value to the organization and to the community. The study of ethics increases sensitivity to the issues of right or wrong and the right way to conduct oneself. Only through studying ethics is it possible to define and detect unethical behavior. The study of the ethics enables the development of tools that enhances ones decision making. The training in ethics helps to develop analytical skills and reasoning abilities which are required to understand the theoretical as well as practical aspects of criminal justice system. The expected benefits of training the officers are: To recognize the ethical problem, To make a sound choice and right decision, To accept his responsibility. Provides ethical tools to deal with ethical problems. Ethics training should provide tools that assist them to think and act ethically in both their personal and professional lives. Ethics training encourages the professional to be an integrated person and this integrity must be personal as well as professional. Ethics training can be thus viewed as Risk Management because their motto is to prevent injuries to people and thats what ethical training aims at. Thus, it can be said that ethics training program provides tools which helps make a right decision which will contribute to the betterment of the community even. Answer to Question 2 Police agencies have got various functions which include preventing and controlling the conduct and behavior that threatens property or life, maintaining security etc. Sometimes the police agencies even take care of those who are incapable of taking their own care, for example physically challenged or mentally ill people. It is their duty to resolve the conflicts that arise and to identify the problems that give rise to danger. The police agencies differ depending on the three levels local, state and federal levels. Local agencies deal with emergency services, routine patrol, and detention for juveniles, community relations, record keeping, creating agendas etc. The primary purpose of these local agencies is to uphold the laws of the jurisdiction and investigate crimes at local level. State agencies are supposed to maintain public relations, safety and the criminal investigations. Federal agencies are specialized, having separate mandates to enforce certain types of federal laws (there are about 200 federal crimes). (http://www.faculty.ncwc.edu/mstevens/111/111lect05.htm) It deal with matters affecting the entire country i.e. terrorism, organized crime etc. Comparison: Local, State and Federal agencies share the same roles and functions as it is mentioned above. Contrasts: The difference lies only in cases of certain jurisdictions that affect the funding, operation and support. Local levels: The officers here are supported largely by the support staffs, detectives, jailers and protect the citizens and to enforce the laws passed at all levels of the government. They differ from the state and federal level as their activities are confined only to the jurisdictions they have been assigned. State Levels: The officers working under state level enforce local, state and federal laws; many are even found enforcing state traffic, civil or criminal laws. Even the officers in the state prison are taken as a part of law enforcement efforts different from others in that they enforce state laws within state institution. Federal levels: Different types of agents are employed including the special agents, ranging from the FBI (federal bureau of investigation), Bureau of alcohol to the Indian Affairs bureau. Their task is not to enforce state or local laws but to intervene when matters at global level are concerned. The law enforcement field is changing in its organizational strategies, methods and various aspects. Organizational management aims in improving the services, and the trends of development at various levels of the policing organizations. As we all know that the police agencies are bestowed with routine functions at numerous operational levels. These agencies highly contribute to the criminal justice systems and contribute to the other organizations. The trends on which the future policing will operate depend upon the way each of the organization is affected. It is these trends which clarify the operational aspects within the policing organizations. The management employs different levels of people to make decisions based on the success of the organization. The organizational management differs at all the three levels as the local levels are confined to the jurisdictions assigned where as the state levels enforces laws of state, locals as well as federal and the federal levels looks a fter the matters relating to the global level. Answer to Question 3 The safeguards against application of criminal laws are the criminal procedures. These procedures are designed to enforce the constitutional rights of criminal suspects and defendants. The constitutional provisions are mentioned in the IV, V, VI and VIII Amendments to the U.S Constitution. Fourth Amendment: (Exclusionary Rule) The right to be free from unreasonable searches and arrests is covered by the fourth amendment. The people shall be free and it is the right of the people to be secure in their houses against any kind of seizures. The warrants against the person shall only be issued if there is an authentic cause and the warrant shall be supported by an oath or affirmation which includes the details of the place to be searched. Since fourth amendment prohibits unreasonable searches hence, a warrant isnt required often. The U.S. Supreme Court has held that the Fourth Amendment doesnt require a warrant for all searches; rather it prohibits unreasonable searches. (http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Criminal_Procedure.aspx ) Fifth Amendment: (Miranda warnings) It deals with concerns which require proper procedures to be followed, like the death penalty, multiple trials for same criminal offence which is also referred to as Double Jeopardy, self incrimination etc. It states that no person shall be held to answer for a capital unless on presentment of a Jury, no person shall be subject for the same offence twice put in jeopardy of life, and that no person shall be deprived of liberty, property without the process of law. Sixth Amendment: (Right to Counsel and Speedy trial) It provides that the accused shall enjoy the Right to public trial by an impartial Jury of State in all criminal prosecutions; he should be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation, he should be made to confront with the witnesses against him and to have processes to obtain the witnesses in his favour. The federal courts must comply with all the criminal procedures that are listed in the Constitution. For State Courts, the Supreme Court has adopted an approach called the selective incorporation approach where fundamental rights are protected which include freedom from unreasonable researches, freedom from cruel punishment; assistance of counsel, protection against double jeopardy etc. In juvenile proceedings, juvenile courts must afford to the juveniles basic constitutional protections. It is also been held that the Fourth Amendment requires that a juvenile who is arrested without a warrant should be provided with a probable cause hearing. The exclusionary rule applies to federal adjudications. In juvenile proceedings, the juveniles are entitled to the Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination despite the non-criminal nature of the proceedings. The Fifth Amendment applies since a juvenile defendants liberty is at stake. The Sixth Amendment applies to juveniles just as it applies to the adults accused of crime. Discuss the impact that these safeguards (e.g., Right to Counsel, Miranda Warnings, and speedy trial, the exclusionary rule, etc.) have on the day-to- day operation of adult and juvenile courts. It has been seen that under the automobile exception, warrantless searches of an automobile may be permitted if the police officer believes that a certain automobile holds the evidence of a crime. This exception is in no ways a violation of the Fourth Amendment because the vehicles are mobile and the drivers dont really have much privacy. This reduced expectation of privacy permits the officers with probable cause to search a vehicle and inspect the passenger and drivers belongings. However, it is not required by the states to adopt this exception as expanded protections are provided by New Hampshire under the Fourth Amendment. The Exclusionary Rule deals with the protection of the rights to be free from unreasonable searches. It holds that the subject matter that is obtained illegally by the officers must not be used as evidence. To make an arrest, police needs to have an arrest warrant and if the police believes that there is a probable cause and there was no time to create the warrant then he can make a warrantless arrest. In dealing with juveniles, police issue Miranda Warnings to youths prior to custodial investigation. (http://cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/A-separate-system-for-juveniles.topicArticleId-10065,articleid-10059.html ) At the time of the arrest it is important that the officer reads out the Miranda warnings to the arrestee, which says that the arrestee might obtain the right to counsel and the right to remain silent. In case these warnings are not read out then the statements he would make after the arrest may be excluded from the trial. Hence, it is visible that these constitutional safeguards affect the adult and juvenile courts and has a huge impact. Answer to Question 4 Impact of globalization on the U.S. criminal justice system Globalization refers to the global outlook of different nations of the globe who unite in terms of economy, society and politics. Globalization talks of all the nations as a whole and thus, it has been successful in reuniting all the nations together as one. Globalization aims at helping nations communicate with each other and therefore, the whole process of globalization is an amalgamation of integration and interaction among people belonging to different nations, cast, and organizations of various nations. Economic integration through investment and trade, political interaction, information technologies and culture constitutes its various magnitudes which directly affect the environment. Globalization has a huge impact on the lives of people and has greatly affected the world. Movement of materials and goods within national boundaries is easily possible, it is easy to procure external financing opportunities, the markets are now interrelated and nations are ready to provide their s upport, any kind of information can now be sent from one part to another with the help of satellites and internet, due to globalization people communicate through social networks and make friends across the globe etc. As technology advances and the power of technologies improve, it is obvious that the opportunity for cyber crimes will also increase. With the advance in technologies, a day will come when it will be real difficult to catch hold of these cyber criminals so it is necessary that a Criminal justice system is formulated which keeps themselves updated with the new technologies. Technological advances have a great influence in crime fighting. Crimes can be prevented by the use of advanced technologies like DNA analysis, radio frequency, surveillance developments etc. Because of globalization the people can even use intelligence databases which are usually carried by the police. Also, bilateral transfer of information between the countries will lead to changes in the countrys criminal justice system. Globalization has improved the technologies and in a way has brought carious nations close together. An anti-terrorism legislation investigates the terrorist cases and the process of screening, investigating has changed. A desire to improve the persisting relations has been expressed and jurisdiction programs and activities have been adopted to improve relations. Hence, it can be said that globalization has had a great impact in improving the U.S criminal justice system. Comparison among Civil Law, Common law, and Islamic Law and Socialist Law traditions The four legal traditions are as follows: Civil Law systems: It is the largest and most prevalent system of justice in the world. It is also referred as Continental justice, Roman law or Germano-romanic justice. Roman law is practiced in places like Germany, France and throughout Latin America. The object of civil law is the redress of wrongs by compelling compensation or restitution. (http://www.diffen.com/difference/Civil_law_vs_criminal_law) Legal scholarships are sophisticated in this kind of system and it has respect for tradition whereas in case of common law anybody can get a scholarship. The leaders of the continental justice are considered above the law whereas in common law nobody is above the law. Common law systems: These traditions exist in the U.S, Australia, England, Canada, India and colonies of Africa. They believe that any law originates in customs. In this system, the lawyers make interpretations and the precedents have control over the judges. Public trial is a very important constituent of this law system. Socialist law systems: This kind of tradition exists in Africa, Asia and parts of Latin America wherever there has been a communist revolution. It is also referred to as Communist Justice or Marxist Leninist justice. It is a positive law which aims at improvement. Administrative law prevails here as the decisions are mostly taken by the non-officials and neither judges nor lawyers are permitted to make law. Islamic systems: Famous as Muslim or Arabic justice. All the procedures and practices in this law are derived from the Koran. These are in the form of commands or orders which rule the life of an individual. It is the only law which believes that each and every law is of divine origin. Like in Roman or Common law, it might happen that an unlawful/unethical behavior is tolerated but in case of Islamic law never. Since, only a few verses of the Koran are used in Islamic law hence, it is mandatory that the religion plays an important role. Impact of cyber crime and technology on worldwide justice systems Cybercrime or criminal crime is a criminal activity where a computer is a source, target and place of the crime. It comprises of embezzlement, forgery, theft, fraud or blackmail and all this involves the presence of computers. Cybercrime ranges from email spams to threats of cyber wars, few of its forms are examples of simple theft such as stealing credit cards, bank account passwords etc. As the technology advances and the power of technologies improve, the opportunity for cyber related crimes will also gain momentum. So, it is important that the criminal justice systems keeps up with the advancing technologies or else it would get difficult to get hold of these cyber criminals. Cyber crime has huge impact on the victims and the criminal justice system despite the presence of network security programs and organizations who work to counteract these crime related threats, cybercrime continue to increase. It shouldnt mean that because cybercrime occurs therefore, we will stop using int ernet to work or play. Majority of sites on the internet are legitimate and our lives are highly enhanced because of the cyber tools. Users susceptibility to cybercrime can be reduced by the conduct of training programs by the employers as a part of security plan. Measures have been taken by the organizations to reduce the spread of cybercrimes. Globalization has greatly influenced the lives of the people by bringing in new methods and technologies and it has its own negative impact too. Advancement in the technologies has also contributed to the increased number of cybercrimes. The policing systems on a worldwide scale Statistics say that more than 800,000 people are employed by 17,500 police agencies at national, state, county and municipal levels. These agencies comprise of 50 federal law enforcement agencies, 49 state police departments, special police agencies 1,721 in number, 3,086 sheriffs departments and 12,502 municipal police departments. (http://cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/polce-systems.topicArticleId-10065,articleId-9950.html) Federal police agencies: these are a part of the executive branch of national government. Major federal law enforcements agencies are : Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): Their duty is to protect the nation from crimes such as organized crime, terrorism, civil-right crimes, and violent crimes. It is also their duty to assist other agencies (local, state and federal) through its crime statistics, training academy etc. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF): the job of this agency is to find out the use of explosives and firearms by the criminals. The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA): Al the federal drug-control laws are enforced by DEA. The agents arrest drug traffickers. The Secret services: This service aims at protecting the President and other officials of federal government. The officers of federal law enforcement are being stationed overseas in order to combat the crimes such as terrorism, money laundering etc. State Police The tasks of the State Police agencies involves To assist the local law enforcement organizations in cases of criminal investigations. To maintain crime records for the State. To train municipal and county police; and To patrol the state highways. The Directors of the State police are appointed by the Governor. The California Highway patrol is the nations largest State Police Force. County Police The responsibility of policing the rural and unincorporated areas in the United States is of the Sheriffs. These sheriffs perform various kinds of duties which consists law enforcement and other court duties. They also serve as officers of county courts. Bailiffs are provided by the sheriffs office to provide security and to manage the defendants on trial. The sheriffs even transport prisoners from one court to another as required. Municipal police The responsibility of dealing with the violent crimes rest on the shoulders of city police and these are the ones who swear to protect the nation from the crimes. Big city police departments are headed over by the Chiefs who are appointed by the mayors. Major crimes and criminal issues that have a global impact on justice systems and processes The fall of the Soviet Empire lead to the downfall of various national armies all over the world. For example, in Somalia and Yugoslavia, the end of cold war meant a rapid escalation of instability and conflict as the former allies lost interests in keeping the governments in power. (http://www.themontrealreview.com/2009/Contracting-peacekeeping-operations-to-the-private-sector.php) The experiences of the U.S with security companies in Afghanistan and Iraq lead to serious problems like misconduct of the operations and dishonest business practices. A revolution in peace keeping was brought about by the Cold War; and this peacekeeping tried to keep neutrality. As mentioned above, post Cold-War the need for a new and improved peacekeeping was felt and there was increased instability. The rise and rapid fall of new world order in peacekeeping was seen in the 1990s and Bosnia, Rwanda and Somalia became the nadir in the three acts of peacekeeping. It was realized that some changes need to be made and thus Brahmi Report was brought in the 2000s. The recommendations brought improvements in the U.N. Department of Peacemaking Operations. It is noticed that inspite of the implementations in the peacekeeping order, the pace is still slow and inefficient. The three failures of the 1990s i.e. Bosnia, Somalia and Rwanda it was decided that a new improved peacekeeping order is required which was mentioned in the Brahmi Report of 2000 which resulted in an improved peacekeeping. It was also seen that few militaries targeted their own citizens and were involved in wars with their neighbors. For instance, Rwandas interfering in the Democratic Public of Congo) Todays century peacemaking techniques help the peacemakers to reduce the harm to the peace making order. It took three years for the Democratic Republic of China to gain strong troop strength and the attacks continued for about six years. In the same way missions in Darfur and the DRC suffered from low troop numbers. In the U.S, the Secretary of Defense hired a company to consult with the armed forces to unveil cost-saving measures. This showed that PMSCs had a great role to play. The deaths of 30 U.S military servicemen and the videos of their naked corpses led to the Somalia Syndrome. The infamous case of Rwanda in 1994 threw light on the consequences of lack of action by the international community. PMSCs have been active in Somalia since the beginning of the decade. The serious issues include illegal fishing, piracy, and the dumping of toxic wastes. Each of the three Somali governments has engaged separate PMSCs to secure the maritime trade and counteract such activities. The criminal jurisdiction and responsibilities should be resided with the U.N. as no other State have ensured that crimes should be looked into and answered other than the PMSCs. The UN has taken up the responsibility for the forces which are put under its commands on various occasions.